STRATEGIES AND RESOURCES FOR
                               GRANT FUNDING*

     The pool of available dollars to help support research and service programming
from the private, corporate, and government sectors is staggering.  For example,
Americans donated a record $124.3 billion for charitable purposes in 1992.**  Most
of that total, $101.8 billion or about 81.9 percent, was contributed by individuals. 
Still, corporations, bequests and private foundations provided the substantial sum of
$22.48 billion.  Yet, identifying the funding sources providing that $22.48 billion
requires a great deal of detective work combined with extensive research and
perseverance.  A large amount of published material -- books, journals, newsletters,
loose-leaf services, even online databases -- has appeared in recent years.  

     This  chapter is designed to inform grant seekers of funding possibilities beyond
the primary focus of the Catalog.  Additional referral points, strategies and resources
to help access philanthropy are provided which have been organized into four
sections:   private foundations, corporate philanthropy, government funding sources
(state and federal), and associations and specialized guides.

                             Private Foundations

     Today, there are more than 38,807 private foundations in the United States.  Of
these, some 5,300 are located in New York State. They are mandated by law to give
away five percent of their assets annually.  In 1994, they contributed $11.29 billion
to non-profits.  Grant makers tend to select well-planned projects which fall within
their stated areas of interest.  They usually prefer projects which meet a definite need,
have strong community support, will not need continuing assistance and are expected
to have lasting benefits. 

     Information on the private foundation world is readily available through
publications put out by the Foundation Center, a national organization established by
private foundations to provide an authoritative source of  information on private
philanthropic giving.  Headquartered in New York City and Washington, DC, the
Center has three regional offices in Cleveland, Atlanta and San Francisco, plus a 
network of over 200 cooperating collections nationwide and abroad.  All of their directories 
are well-indexed by subject, type of support, type of recipient, and geographic preference.  
They also provide financial information including assets and range of grants awarded.

     To identify larger foundations, consult the Foundation Directory, Foundation
1000, Foundation Grants Index, and the Guide to U.S. Foundations.  To research
smaller foundations, the most authoritative source is found in the information returns
that each foundation must file with the IRS called the 990-PF.  In addition to full
financial information, including a list of all grantees and amounts awarded, the 990
includes the names of officers, board members, addresses and phone numbers.  These
returns are public information.  The IRS reproduces 990-PF forms on microfiche
aperture cards which can be obtained through the Foundation Center network.  Table
1 shows the 16 cooperating collections in New York State.

*These sites have private foundation returns for all New York 
 State foundations. Copies of out-of-state returns can be requested 
 through any of the listed collection sites.
+Sites with FC Search:  The Foundation Center's Database on CD-Rom.

     The Foundation Center also publishes the New York State Foundations.  It is
arranged by county and lists all active foundations in New York State.  Included are
over 5,373 independent, corporate and community foundations throughout the State
as well as over 1,014 grantsmakers outside the State which fund non-profits in New
York.

     Because the collections vary in their hours, materials and services, grantseekers
are advised to call each collection in advance.  For current information and new
locations, call toll-free 800-424-9836, or visit the FC website at
http:fdncenter.org/library/library.html. 

     Foundation Center publications are also accessible online through DIALOG
Information Systems, Inc.  A database search can be tailored to meet specific funding
and grant information needs.  The public can request searches from Reference
Services, New York State Library, (518) 474-5355, as well as through many public
library systems statewide.

     For an in-depth treatment of private foundations, consult Foundation
Fundamentals, a Guide for Grantseekers, 5th edition, edited by Judith B. Margolin,
New York: The Foundation Center, 1994.

                           Corporate Philanthropy

     Some $6.0 billion of corporate money flowed into the not-for-profit sector in
1992, representing 4.8 percent of private philanthropic giving.  Most corporate
donations reflect the self-interest of the corporation:  to cultivate stockholders'
goodwill, to build business-community relations, to build a positive public image, and
to influence opinion makers.  

     Except in the case of corporate private foundations, corporations are not
required to make public their in-house giving programs.  However, there are some excellent commercially produced publications which provide information on
corporate philanthropy, including:  

 Corporate 500:  the Directory of Corporate Philanthropy.  15th ed. Public
     Management Institute, 358 Brannan St., San Francisco, CA 94107.

       Information on the top corporate foundations, including general
       giving patterns, sample grantees, areas of interest and application
       process.  Annual.

 Corporate Foundation Profiles.  9th ed., 1996.  The Foundation Center, 79 5th
     Ave., New York, NY 10003.  

       Detailed analysis on 235 of the largest company-sponsored
       foundations in the United States.  Indexed by subject, type of
       support and geographic location.

 Guide to U.S. Foundations.  1996.  The Foundation Center, 79 Fifth Ave., New
     York, NY 10003. 

       Two volume guide to trustees, officers and donors.  Second
       volume contains extensive name index.

 National Directory of Corporate Giving.  1995. The Foundation Center, 79
     Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10003.  

       Describes over 1,950 corporate foundations and over 650 direct
       giving programs.

 The Corporate Giving Directory.  17th ed.,  1996.  The Taft Group, 12300
     Twinbrook Parkway, Suite 450, Rockville, MD 20852. 

       Analysis of over 1,000 corporations; each giving more than
       $250,000 annually.  Includes information on types of support,
       areas of interest funded, financial information, contact person and
       sample grantees.  

     In addition, there are numerous general business directories that can assist fund
raisers in developing a list of donor prospects.  These include such guides as:

 MacRAE'S State Industrial Directory: New York State.  Annual.  NY: 
     MacRAE'S Blue Book, Inc.

       Lists manufacturing companies in New York State geographically
       by county and city.

 Directory of Corporate Affiliations.  Annual. New Providence, NJ:  National
     Register Publishing Co., Inc.

       A "Who Owns Whom" directory of major U.S. corporations.

 Standard & Poor's Register of Corporations, Directors and Executives.  Annual. 
     NY: Standard & Poor Co.

       Standard guide to the United States business community and the
       executives who run it.

     Most of these directories can be found in large public or college libraries.  In
addition to these printed sources, contact the Chamber of Commerce and public
libraries for listings of company information in local communities.

                      State and Federal Funding Sources

New York State Funding Information

     In addition to programs described in this Catalog, there are other resources and
contact points for a grantee to identify State aid programs.  Become familiar with the
State budget process.  Read the Governor's budget narrative and budget bills.  Get on
the State agency mailing lists for newsletters, news releases and program
announcements, annual reports, and informational brochures.  Subscribe to the
following publications:  

 Grants Action News.  Monthly.  Speaker's Office.  Communications and
     Information Services, Albany, NY  1-800-356-8486.

       Identifies new and existing State and Federal grant opportunities. 
       It includes program background, eligibility, funding, deadlines, and
       contact person.  State agencies are encouraged to publicize grant
       announcements through this publication.

 State Aid to Local Government.  Annual.  Bureau of Municipal Research and
     Statistics, Division of Municipal Affairs, New York State Office of the     State Comptroller, Governor Alfred E. Smith State Office Building, Albany,
     NY 12236, (518) 474-3687.

       Identifies State aid programs to municipalities and school districts
       within New York State.  Included in each summary is a brief
       program description, the corresponding statutory authorization,
       manner of apportionment, and a table depicting the disbursements
       of monies from 1961 to present.

 New York State Register.  Weekly.  New York State Department of State,
     Office of Public Affairs and Information Services, 162 Washington Avenue,
     Albany, NY 12231, (518) 474-6785.

       Announces newly proposed rules as well as changes in existing
       rules and regulations adopted by State agencies.

 New York State Directory. Annual. Walker's Western Research, 1452 Tilia,
     San Mateo, California, (415) 341-1110. 

       Contains the names, addresses and phone numbers of all decision-makers
       and professional staff in the public policy area of State government. Also
       included are political action committees, registered lobbyists and a
       comprehensive listing of non-governmental sources of information.  

     Grantseekers with a computer and telephone modem for communicating with
other computers may remember RAIN (the Rural Assistance Information Network). 
It included a computerized catalog of State and federal grants, low interest loans and
technical assistance programs.  RAIN no longer exists.  Information about state
services migrated to the Internet.  Some of the more popular RAIN services and their
new addresses are:

      Job Information - http://www.labor.state.ny.us/
      Census Data - http://nyslgti.gen.ny.us
      Health Department - http://www.health.state.ny.us
      Agency Directory - http://www.state.ny.us/Citizen's Access
      Legislative Directory - http://assembly.state.ny.us or gopher://      
            assembly.state.ny.us
      Federal Domestic Assistance Catalog - http://www.gsa.gov/fdac/   
            queryfdac.htm

For more information or assistance, please call the New York State Department of
State, (518) 486-9888.

Federal Funding 

     Despite cutbacks in federal spending, the federal government remains a major
source of support for non-profits.  In previous years it has been estimated to have
provided 25 percent of all gifts to non-profits.  

     While this Catalog provides a comprehensive profile of federally-funded
programs operative in New York State, it is important for the grantseeker to become
as familiar as possible with federal grant programs.  A selective listing of source
material follows with special note of one publication in particular.  The Catalog of
Federal Domestic Assistance, published annually under the auspices of the General
Services Administration and available from the Government Printing Office is
considered the single most noteworthy source of federal funding information.  This
edition describes assistance programs administered by federal agencies.  It includes
financial and nonfinancial assistance programs.  As a basic reference source, its
primary function is to assist users in identifying programs which meet specific
objectives rather than using a random, shot-gun approach to federal funding.  

     Access to federal domestic assistance programs is also available on machine
readable magnetic tape and on high-density floppy diskettes.  Both contain all textual
material published in the program description section of the Catalog, and a
characteristics record of coded program information extracted from the textual
material.  In addition, a computerized question-answer system, the Federal Assistance
Programs Retrieval System (FAPRS), is designed to provide rapid access to federal
domestic assistance program information.  Further information pertaining to the
Catalog, FAPRS, or the purchase of Catalog data on floppy diskettes or magnetic
tapes is available by contacting Federal Domestic Assistance Catalog Staff (WKU),
General Services Administration, Ground Floor, Reporters Building, 300 7th Street,
SW., Washington, DC  20407, (202) 708-5126 or Toll-Free Answering Service 1-
(800)-669-8331.  

Sources For Researching Federal Grants

     All of the federal government publications mentioned here may be ordered
through the Government Printing Office (GPO) unless another address is indicated. 
Contact GPO for current price and order information at Superintendent of Documents,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC  20402.

 Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance.  Annual with December updates.
     General Services Administration. 

       The essential guide to federal funding assistance available to state and
       local governments, private profit and nonprofit agencies, and individuals.

 Commerce Business Daily.  Daily, Monday through Friday.   U.S. Department
     of Commerce. 

       Announces government procurement invitations, contract awards,
       subcontracting leads, sales of surplus property and foreign business
       opportunities.

 Congressional Staff Directory.  Annual. Congressional Staff Directories Ltd.,
     Mount Vernon, VA 22121-0062. 

       Lists members of Congress and their staff.  Includes local and
       Washington, DC office addresses and phone numbers, committee
       assignments and other useful information.

 Cumulative List of Organizations Described in Section 170 (c) of the Internal
     Revenue Code of 1954.  Annual with quarterly supplements.  U.S. Department
     of the Treasury.  Internal Revenue Service.  Publication 78.  

       Alphabetic listing of organizations to which contributions are deductible. 
       Information includes official name of organization, city, state and coding. 
       A coding system with eight categories is used to identify each
       organization by type and limitation.

 Guide to Federal Funding for Governments and Nonprofits.  Two volumes.
     Annual with monthly updates.  Government Information Service, 1611 North
     Kent St., Suite 508, Arlington, VA 22209.  

       Provides information on federal programs which offer assistance to state
       and local governments and non-profit organizations of all types. 
       Quarterly supplements highlight statutory, regulatory and budgetary
       changes.

 Federal Grants and Contracts Weekly.  Capitol Publications, Inc., 1101 King
     Street, P.O. Box 1454, Alexandria, VA 22313-2054.

       Weekly newsletter announcing grant and project opportunities in
       research, training and services.

 Federal Grants Management Handbook.  Grants Management Advisory Service,
     1725 K Street, NW Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005.

       A looseleaf reference service on federal grants management.  Continually
       updated.  Provides timely coverage of regulations, executive orders, and
       administrative and court decisions affecting federal grants management. 
       Components of the Handbook include the "Basic Grants Management
       Guide," and the monthly "Current Development" newsletter.

 Fedspeak: U.S. Contracting and Grantsmanship Made Easier.  Wm. F. Penoyar,
     1985.  GTM Company, P.O. Box 776 Arnold, MD 21012.

       Intended for the small business entrepreneur or non-profit organization. 
       "How to" information on proposal writing included.

 Guide to Federal Funding for Education.  Annual. Education Funding Research
     Council, 1611 North Kent Street-Suite 508,  Arlington, VA 22209.

       Provides detailed descriptions of federal programs which offer financial
       and other types of assistance to state and local educational agencies,
       postsecondary institutions and other non-profit and profit-making
       educational or educationally-oriented organizations.

 Guide to Federal Grants and Financial Aid for Individuals and Non-Profit
     Organizations.  2nd ed., by Calvin W. Fenton and Charles J. Edwards. 
     Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, IA 1985.

       Intended to give individuals ready access to federal financial assistance
       programs.  Includes 330 financial assistance programs for which
       individuals may apply either directly or through an organization with
       which they are affiliated.  Excluded are federal programs administrated
       through state and local governments.  

 United States Government Manual.  Annual.  Office of the Federal Register,
     National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC. (GPO)

       Official handbook of the federal government, provides comprehensive
       information on agencies of the legislative, judicial, and executive
       branches.  The Manual also includes information on quasi-official
       agencies, international organizations in which the United States
       participates, and boards, committees and commissions.  Entries generally
       include a brief history, and list principal offices and information on
       consumer activities, contracts and grants, employment, publications, etc.

 Federal Assistance Monitor.  CD Publications, 100 Summit Building, 8204
     Fenton Street, Silver Spring, MD  20910-2889.  

       Twice-monthly newsletter which provides legislative and regulatory
       action in social and economic programs affecting:  social services,
       economic development, community development, education, business
       assistance, housing, community health care, employment and training,
       and elderly concerns.  Regulatory abstracts and grant information are
       categorized by subject matter.  

                     Associations and Specialized Guides

     Writing to professional associations, councils, committees, foundations, societies
and other organizations can be a very simple and rewarding way of getting funding
information.  Many such organizations publish newsletters, bulletins, annual reports
and hand out grants, awards, and prizes or at least publicize grant opportunities.  For
reference to such sources, use Gale Research Company's Encyclopedia of
Associations published annually, with subject indexes.

     Numerous specialized funding guides exist.  For example, ORYX Press of
Phoenix, Arizona publishes directories of grants in the physical sciences, 
biomedical and health care, and humanities, to name a few.  Consult Fund-
raising, Grants, and Foundations, a Comprehensive Bibliography by Charlotte
Georgie, Libraries Unlimited, Inc., 1985, P.O. Box 263, Littleton, Colorado, 80160-
026 for more extensive information sources.  Included is "A Basic Fund Raising
Library" as well as sections on proposal writing, handbooks and manuals, and state
and local directories.  All of these sources are found in the Foundation Center
Cooperating Collection of the New York State Library, as well as other public,
university and college libraries.

*This chapter was prepared for the Commission by Cynthia Lyon, Senior Librarian, New York State Library, Albany, New York, and updated by Linda Braun.

**Foundation Giving, The Foundation Center, 1996.